{"id":11582,"date":"2022-09-05T08:40:41","date_gmt":"2022-09-05T08:40:41","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/?p=11582"},"modified":"2023-08-25T16:51:53","modified_gmt":"2023-08-25T11:21:53","slug":"microcontroller-embedded-c-programming-lecture-99-applicability-of-bitwise-operators-testing-of-bits","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/microcontroller-embedded-c-programming-lecture-99-applicability-of-bitwise-operators-testing-of-bits\/","title":{"rendered":"Microcontroller Embedded C Programming Lecture 99| Applicability of bitwise operators : Testing of bits"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"boldgrid-section\" style=\"background-image: linear-gradient(to left, #eeeeee, #eeeeee);\" data-bg-color-1=\"#EEEEEE\" data-bg-color-2=\"#EEEEEE\" data-bg-direction=\"to left\">\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div class=\"row\" style=\"padding-top: 35px; padding-bottom: 0px; background-image: linear-gradient(to left, #eeeeee, #eeeeee);\" data-bg-color-1=\"#EEEEEE\" data-bg-color-2=\"#EEEEEE\" data-bg-direction=\"to left\">\n<div class=\"col-md-1 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-lg-1\">\n<div class=\"boldgrid-shortcode\" data-imhwpb-draggable=\"true\">\n\n<\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-10 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-lg-10\">\n<h1 class=\"\" style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 30px; border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; line-height: 50px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Applicability of bitwise operators : Testing of bits<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<div class=\"row bg-editor-hr-wrap\" style=\"border-width: 0px; margin-top: -25px;\">\n<div class=\"col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-xs-12 col-sm-12\">\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"bg-hr bg-hr-10 color2-color\" style=\"border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 3px;\"><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">In this article, let&#8217;s understand about testing of bits using the bitwise AND (&amp;) operator. We&#8217;ll understand this by doing an exercise.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"font-size: 25px; border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; line-height: 40px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #ff0000;\"><b>Exercise : Testing of Bits<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Write a program to find out whether a user entered a number is even or odd.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Print an appropriate message on the console<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Use testing of bits logic. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">To find out whether a number is even or odd. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">There are many logic you can build. But, we will use testing of bits logic.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_11585\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11585\" style=\"width: 560px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11585\" src=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-1-2-1024x404.png\" alt=\"Applicability of bitwise operators : Testing of bits\" width=\"560\" height=\"221\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-1-2-1024x404.png 1024w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-1-2-300x118.png 300w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-1-2-768x303.png 768w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-1-2-600x237.png 600w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-1-2-1536x606.png 1536w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-1-2-200x79.png 200w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-1-2-400x158.png 400w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-1-2-800x315.png 800w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-1-2-1200x473.png 1200w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-1-2.png 1859w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 560px) 100vw, 560px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11585\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Figure 1. Testing of bits logic<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How this works is, let&#8217;s consider a number an integer, let&#8217;s say 46. If you write 46 in binary form, you get 00101110, and here the least significant bit is 0. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"\">\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For an <\/span><b>EVEN <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">number, the LSB is always <\/span><b>0<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let&#8217;s consider the odd number 47. 00101111 is a binary form of 47. Here the least significant bit is 1. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"\">\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">For the <\/span><b>ODD<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> number, the LSB will always be <\/span><b>1<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">.&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">That&#8217;s why by checking or by testing the least significant bit(LSB) of a number, we can find out whether a number is even or odd. That&#8217;s the logic.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">So, we understood that we wanted to test a bit. In this case, it is LSB. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">How to do that? <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">To do that, we use a technique called <span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>Bit-Masking<\/strong><\/span>.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"font-size: 25px; border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; line-height: 35px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #ff0000;\"><strong>Bit-Masking<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"\">\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><i>Bit masking is a technique in programming used to test or modify the states of the bits of a given data.<\/i><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<figure id=\"attachment_11586\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11586\" style=\"width: 607px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11586 \" src=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-2-2-1024x546.png\" alt=\"Figure 2. Bit-Masking\" width=\"607\" height=\"324\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-2-2-1024x546.png 1024w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-2-2-300x160.png 300w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-2-2-768x410.png 768w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-2-2-600x320.png 600w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-2-2-1536x820.png 1536w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-2-2-200x107.png 200w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-2-2-400x213.png 400w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-2-2-800x427.png 800w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-2-2-1200x640.png 1200w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-2-2.png 1887w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 607px) 100vw, 607px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11586\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Figure 2. Bit-Masking<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">We use Bit Masking with a Mask_value, so we have to create a Mask_value. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Here we have to decide what should be the Mask_value, and then take that Mask_value and do a bitwise AND(&amp;) operation with a given data to get the output. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Now, let&#8217;s analyze how this works.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here(Figure 2) 00101110 is the input number written in a binary format. We divide this number into two areas. 0010111 I call it area1(gray color area), and <\/span><b>0 <\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">(lsb)<\/span> <span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">is area2(pink color area), as shown in Figure 2.&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Here, in this number 0010111 (area 1) is of no interest to us because our goal is to test a bit which falls under area2. Our goal is to find out a number is <\/span><b>EVEN<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> or <\/span><b>ODD<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">. That&#8217;s why we care only about the LSB. That&#8217;s why area1 is of no interest to us, so 0 them out by using the Mask_value zeros. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So, at the output, area1 is zeroed out. That&#8217;s a reason why Mask_value is 0 for that area. So, we use a Mask_value 0 and do bitwise AND with the number.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">But, for area1, I can&#8217;t use 0 here. If I use 0, then it doesn&#8217;t matter what is there in the area2 output will be 0. That&#8217;s why, for area2, we use the mask bit as 1, because I want to test this bit.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">That&#8217;s why to test a bit, we use 1 with the bitwise &amp; operator. So, if this position is 0, then I get 0 here. So, the output is 0. If the output is 0, then I conclude that the number is EVEN.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">So, if the number is odd, then the LSB position will be 1. 1 bitwise AND with 1 (1&amp;1), which gives me 1. So, this output is non-zero. If the output is non-zero, I will conclude that the number is ODD.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">The takeaway from this article is, if you want to test a bit, use bitwise &amp; operation. And by using this technique, you can test any bit position you want. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">For example, 00101110. I am checking the bit position 1. That&#8217;s why all these bits are 0, and I make only the second bit position as 1, as shown in Figure 3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">I consider 00101110. Here I am testing the MSP bit position, and here we are testing the first two bit positions. <\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_11587\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11587\" style=\"width: 615px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11587\" src=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-3-2-1024x497.png\" alt=\"Applicability of bitwise operators : Testing of bits\" width=\"615\" height=\"299\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-3-2-1024x497.png 1024w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-3-2-300x146.png 300w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-3-2-768x373.png 768w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-3-2-600x291.png 600w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-3-2-1536x746.png 1536w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-3-2-200x97.png 200w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-3-2-400x194.png 400w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-3-2-800x389.png 800w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-3-2-1200x583.png 1200w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-3-2.png 1789w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 615px) 100vw, 615px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11587\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Figure 3. Checking bit position<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Now, let&#8217;s try to solve our problem. Finding out whether a number is even or odd.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_11588\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-11588\" style=\"width: 456px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-11588\" src=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-4-2-1024x615.png\" alt=\"Applicability of bitwise operators : Testing of bits\" width=\"456\" height=\"274\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-4-2-1024x615.png 1024w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-4-2-300x180.png 300w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-4-2-768x461.png 768w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-4-2-600x361.png 600w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-4-2-200x120.png 200w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-4-2-400x240.png 400w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-4-2-800x481.png 800w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-4-2-1200x721.png 1200w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/09\/Figure-4-2.png 1373w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 456px) 100vw, 456px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-11588\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Figure 4. EVEN or ODD using Bitwise operation<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">If( number &amp; 1) is a logic, I would like to use it. Here the number is bitwise ANDed with a mask value which is 1. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">If(number &amp; 1) this whole expression turns out to be a non-zero value, then the expression will be true. So, in that case, the print number is odd.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">If the output of if(number &amp; 1) this expression is false, that is 0, then you can print the number as even.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-size: 20px; line-height: 25px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><b>FastBit Embedded Brain Academy Courses<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">C<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">lick here:<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/course1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/course1<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Applicability of bitwise operators : Testing of bits &nbsp; &nbsp; In this article, let&#8217;s understand about testing of bits using the bitwise AND (&amp;) operator. We&#8217;ll understand this by doing an exercise. &nbsp; Exercise : Testing of Bits Write a program to find out whether a user entered a number is even or odd.&nbsp; [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":11586,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[16],"class_list":["post-11582","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-microcontroller-embedded-c-programming","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Applicability of bitwise operators : Testing of bits | Bit Masking<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Learn the art of bit testing using bitwise AND (&amp;) operator. 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