{"id":12359,"date":"2022-11-14T09:38:46","date_gmt":"2022-11-14T04:08:46","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/?p=12359"},"modified":"2023-09-20T14:35:11","modified_gmt":"2023-09-20T09:05:11","slug":"microcontroller-embedded-c-programming-lecture-132-const-usage-and-different-case-studies-contd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/microcontroller-embedded-c-programming-lecture-132-const-usage-and-different-case-studies-contd\/","title":{"rendered":"Microcontroller Embedded C Programming Lecture 132| &#8216;const&#8217; usage and different case studies contd"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"boldgrid-section\" style=\"background-image: linear-gradient(to left, #eeeeee, #eeeeee);\" data-bg-color-1=\"#EEEEEE\" data-bg-color-2=\"#EEEEEE\" data-bg-direction=\"to left\">\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div class=\"row\" style=\"padding-top: 35px; padding-bottom: 0px; background-image: linear-gradient(to left, #eeeeee, #eeeeee);\" data-bg-color-1=\"#EEEEEE\" data-bg-color-2=\"#EEEEEE\" data-bg-direction=\"to left\">\n<div class=\"col-md-1 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-lg-1\">\n<div class=\"boldgrid-shortcode\" data-imhwpb-draggable=\"true\">\n\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-10 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-lg-10\">\n<p class=\"\" data-font-family=\"Roboto\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In programming, &#8216;<span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>const&#8217;<\/strong><\/span> is a keyword that is used to declare a constant variable, meaning that its value cannot be changed once it has been assigned.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" data-font-family=\"Roboto\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Roboto; font-weight: 400; font-size: 22px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #000080;\"><b>Uses of \u2018Const\u2019<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Roboto; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">It adds some safety while you write code. The compiler warns you when trying to change the value of the const variable.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Since a constant variable doesn&#8217;t change, it has only one state throughout the program. So, you need not track its various states.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Improves the readability of your program.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Use it generously to enforce pointer access restrictions while writing functions and function prototypes.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">It may also help compiler to generate optimized code.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-font-family=\"Roboto\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px; font-family: Roboto; font-weight: 400;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Now let&#8217;s continue our discussion with const.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Roboto; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>Case 3 is modifiable data and constant pointer.<\/strong><\/span> Just observe the position of the keyword \u2018const\u2019, now it is positioned inside the asterisk(*).&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Roboto; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">uint8_t *const is a case of constant pointer and modifiable data.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12366\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12366\" style=\"width: 622px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12366 \" src=\"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-1-4.png\" alt=\"Figure 1. Case 3: Modifiable data and constant pointer\" width=\"622\" height=\"319\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-1-4.png 1861w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-1-4-300x154.png 300w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-1-4-1024x525.png 1024w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-1-4-768x394.png 768w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-1-4-600x308.png 600w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-1-4-1536x788.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 622px) 100vw, 622px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-12366\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Figure 1. Modifiable data and constant pointer<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Poppins; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Poppins\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong>How do you read this?&nbsp;<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Roboto; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">pData is a constant pointer pointing to a data of type uint8_t.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Roboto; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Here the pointer pData is read-only but the data pointed by the pData can be modifiable.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Roboto; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">So, we can say that pData is a read only pointer pointing to modifiable data.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12371\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12371\" style=\"width: 576px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12371\" src=\"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-2-4.png\" alt=\"const usage and different case studies contd\" width=\"576\" height=\"266\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-2-4.png 1739w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-2-4-300x139.png 300w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-2-4-1024x473.png 1024w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-2-4-768x355.png 768w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-2-4-600x277.png 600w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-2-4-1536x709.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 576px) 100vw, 576px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-12371\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Figure 2. Allowed and not allowed example<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Roboto; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">pData = (<span style=\"color: #ff0000;\">uint8_t*<\/span>) 0x50000000 this type is not allowed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Roboto; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">So, once the value of pData is fixed you cannot assign the pointer variable with a new address.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Roboto; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">But *pData = 50; *pData = 10; this is allowed.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Roboto; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><strong><span class=\"\" style=\"color: #ff0000; border-width: 0px; font-family: Poppins;\" data-font-family=\"Poppins\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\">What is the use case of this?<\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12372\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12372\" style=\"width: 671px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12372\" src=\"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-3-2.png\" alt=\"const usage and different case studies contd\" width=\"671\" height=\"344\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-3-2.png 1807w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-3-2-300x154.png 300w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-3-2-1024x525.png 1024w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-3-2-768x394.png 768w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-3-2-600x308.png 600w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-3-2-1536x788.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 671px) 100vw, 671px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-12372\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Figure 3. Use case of case 3<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Roboto; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">The use case is to improve the readability and guard the pointer variables.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Roboto; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">For example, consider the above function. update_user_data this function updates the details of age and salary into the pointer provided by the caller.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Roboto; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">When the update_user_data function is called, the caller provides the address here, in order to update the user&#8217;s age and salary. This function should populate the user&#8217;s age and salary into the corresponding addresses. So, this function should not modify pUserAge and pUserSalary its address, otherwise, it will be chaos.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Roboto; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">That&#8217;s why this pointer(pUserAge and pUserSalary) is guarded by const here. Because that function receives addresses from some other function. So, the addresses are guarded. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Roboto; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">The next case is <span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>constant data and constant pointer<\/strong><\/span>.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12373\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12373\" style=\"width: 612px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12373\" src=\"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-4-2.png\" alt=\"const usage and different case studies contd\" width=\"612\" height=\"314\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-4-2.png 1871w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-4-2-300x154.png 300w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-4-2-1024x525.png 1024w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-4-2-768x394.png 768w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-4-2-600x308.png 600w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-4-2-1536x787.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 612px) 100vw, 612px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-12373\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Figure 4. Case 4: const data and const pointer<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Roboto; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">*const pData is a constant pointer and uint8_t const is a constant data.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Roboto; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Poppins;\" data-font-family=\"Poppins\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\">How do you read this?&nbsp;<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Roboto; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">pData is a const pointer pointing to const data of type uint8.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Roboto; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Here the pointer pData is read-only and the data pointed by the pData is also read-only.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">So, we can say that pData is a read-only pointer pointing to read-only data.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Roboto; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><strong><span class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Poppins;\" data-font-family=\"Poppins\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\">What is the use case of this?<\/span><\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_12374\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-12374\" style=\"width: 646px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-12374\" src=\"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-5-1.png\" alt=\"const usage and different case studies contd\" width=\"646\" height=\"307\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-5-1.png 1805w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-5-1-300x142.png 300w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-5-1-1024x486.png 1024w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-5-1-768x365.png 768w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-5-1-600x285.png 600w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/11\/Figure-5-1-1536x729.png 1536w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 646px) 100vw, 646px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-12374\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Figure 5. Use case<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Roboto; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">This is usually used whenever you want to read some data from the status register of the hardware. The status register should not be modified actually. So, if you modify the status register, then it will cause the system to fail.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Roboto; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">So, you can guard the pointer of the status register(pStatusReg) using double const here. A guard for data(uint32_t const) as well as guard for pointer(*const pStatusReg).&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Roboto; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">This function reads and returns the content of the status register pointed by the pStatusReg.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Accidental write to status register may cause unpredictable consequences.&nbsp;<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Roboto; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">So, that is actually guarded by uint32_t const this part and the address of the status register should not be modified inside the implementation. That&#8217;s why that is regarded by *const pStatusReg(this part).<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Roboto; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Now we finished the discussion on the const, but now let&#8217;s use it in our embedded code. And in the following article, I will cover volatile.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"font-size: 18px;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><b>FastBit Embedded Brain Academy Courses<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">C<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">lick here:<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\">&nbsp;<\/span><\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/course1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/course1<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; In programming, &#8216;const&#8217; is a keyword that is used to declare a constant variable, meaning that its value cannot be changed once it has been assigned. &nbsp; Uses of \u2018Const\u2019 It adds some safety while you write code. The compiler warns you when trying to change the value of the const variable.&nbsp; Since a [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12372,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"enable","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"'const' usage and different case studies contd","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"solid-color","ocean_post_title_background_color":"#088c93","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"off","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[16],"class_list":["post-12359","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-microcontroller-embedded-c-programming","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>const keyword use and different case studies | Embedded C<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"&#039;const&#039; keyword use and different case studies in C. 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