{"id":13646,"date":"2023-01-19T14:48:25","date_gmt":"2023-01-19T09:18:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/?p=13646"},"modified":"2023-08-19T14:48:59","modified_gmt":"2023-08-19T09:18:59","slug":"microcontroller-embedded-c-programming-lecture-163-testing-led-toggle-exercise","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/microcontroller-embedded-c-programming-lecture-163-testing-led-toggle-exercise\/","title":{"rendered":"Microcontroller Embedded C Programming Lecture 163| Testing led toggle exercise"},"content":{"rendered":"
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 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n

\n

Testing led toggle exercise<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n
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 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n

This is a code that used structures and bit fields.<\/span><\/p>\n

#include<\/span> \"main.h\"\r\n\r\nint<\/span> main(void<\/span>)\r\n{\r\nRCC_AHB1ENR_t<\/span> volatile<\/span> *const<\/span> pClkCtrlReg = (RCC_AHB1ENR_t<\/span>*) 0x40023830;\r\nGPIOx_MODE_t<\/span> volatile<\/span> *const<\/span> pPortDModeReg = (GPIOx_MODE_t<\/span>*) 0x40020C00;\r\nGPIOx_ODR_t<\/span> volatile<\/span> *const<\/span> pPortDOutReg = (GPIOx_ODR_t<\/span>*) 0x40020C14;\r\n\r\n\/\/1. enable the clock for GPOID peripheral in the AHB1ENR (SET the 3rd bit position)<\/span>\r\npClkCtrlReg->gpiod_en = 1;\r\n\r\n\r\n\/\/2. configure the mode of the IO pin as output<\/span>\r\npPortDModeReg->pin_12 = 1;\r\n\r\nwhile<\/span>(1)\r\n{\r\n\/\/Set 12th bit of the output data register to make I\/O pin-12 as HIGH<\/span>\r\npPortDOutReg->pin_12 = 1;\r\n\r\n\/\/introduce small human observable delay<\/span>\r\n\/\/This loop executes for 300K times<\/span>\r\nfor<\/span>(uint32_t<\/span> i=0 ; i < 300000 ; i++ );\r\n\r\n\/\/Reset 12th bit of the output data register to make I\/O pin-12 as LOW<\/span>\r\npPortDOutReg->pin_12 = 0;\r\n\r\nfor<\/span>(uint32_t<\/span> i=0 ; i < 300000 ; i++ );\r\n}\r\n\r\n\r\nfor(;;)<\/span>;\r\n}<\/pre>\n
 <\/p>\n
pClkCtrlReg->gpiod_en = 1; <\/b><\/span>\/\/ Here, we are turning on the clock for the GPIOD.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
pPortDModeReg->pin_12 = 1;<\/b><\/span> \/\/Here we are configuring the mode, you have to write 1. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
pPortDOutReg->pin_12 = 1;<\/b><\/span> \/\/This is turning on the LED <\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
pPortDOutReg->pin_12 = 0;<\/b><\/span> \/\/This is turning off the LED <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
This code looks very much simpler and easy to follow. That’s how you bring the abstraction. But still, you can add more abstraction using enums and other things. <\/span><\/p>\n
The behavior of the application should be the same, but that shouldn’t be changed. <\/span><\/p>\n
So, in the ODR register, the LED turns on in line 33, and you can see that the 12th bit is set(the cursor shows), as shown in Figure 1.<\/span><\/p>\n
\"Testing
Figure 1. ODR register<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
 <\/p>\n
In the following article, let’s do one interfacing project. We are going to interface the keypad to the STM32 discovery board, and we are going to write some applications. <\/span><\/p>\n
 <\/p>\n
FastBit Embedded Brain Academy Courses<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n
Click here:<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span>https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/course1<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n
 <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
  Testing led toggle exercise   This is a code that used structures and bit fields. #include “main.h” int main(void) { RCC_AHB1ENR_t volatile *const pClkCtrlReg = (RCC_AHB1ENR_t*) 0x40023830; GPIOx_MODE_t volatile *const pPortDModeReg = (GPIOx_MODE_t*) 0x40020C00; GPIOx_ODR_t volatile *const pPortDOutReg = (GPIOx_ODR_t*) 0x40020C14; \/\/1. enable the clock for GPOID peripheral in the AHB1ENR (SET the 3rd […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13650,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[16],"class_list":["post-13646","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-microcontroller-embedded-c-programming","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"\nCode Example for LED Toggle using Structures and Bit Fields<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Testing led toggle exercise. 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