{"id":2249,"date":"2019-07-02T09:22:43","date_gmt":"2019-07-02T09:22:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/?p=2249"},"modified":"2023-04-20T12:30:39","modified_gmt":"2023-04-20T07:00:39","slug":"gpio-behind-scene","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/gpio-behind-scene\/","title":{"rendered":"STM32 GPIO Lecture 2 : GPIO behind the scene"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"boldgrid-section color4-background-color color-4-text-contrast bg-background-color\">\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div class=\"row\" style=\"padding-top: 50px; padding-bottom: 50px;\">\n<div class=\"col-md-1 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-lg-1\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-10 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-lg-10\">\n<h1 class=\"h1 color2-color\" style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>GPIO behind the scene<\/strong><\/h1>\n<div class=\"row bg-editor-hr-wrap\">\n<div class=\"col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-xs-12 col-sm-12\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"bg-hr bg-hr-10\" style=\"border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 3px; width: 76%; color: rgba(11, 34, 151, 0.9); margin: -21px 0px 0px 100px;\"><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-size: 17px; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Verdana\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In this article, let\u2019s understand how the<\/span><span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><a style=\"color: #ff6600; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/stm32-gpio-lecture-1-gpio-pin-ports\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"> GPIO pin<\/a><\/span> <span style=\"color: #000000;\">is implemented inside the microcontroller. &nbsp; <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px;\">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2232\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2232\" style=\"width: 730px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2232\" style=\"width: 446px;\" src=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Screenshot-91.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"730\" height=\"430\"><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2232\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 1. Internal structure of GPIO<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Verdana\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Figure 1 is GPIO looks behind the scene. There is one input buffer, one output buffer, and an enable line. When an enable line is zero, the output buffer gets activated, and the input buffer gets deactivated.<\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Verdana\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let\u2019s discuss what actually buffer is.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Verdana\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Buffer is nothing but 2 CMOS transistors connected as shown in the Figure 2.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_2233\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-2233\" style=\"width: 506px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-2233\" src=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Screenshot-93.png\" alt=\"GPIO behind the scene\" width=\"506\" height=\"361\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Screenshot-93.png 829w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Screenshot-93-300x214.png 300w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Screenshot-93-768x548.png 768w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Screenshot-93-600x428.png 600w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Screenshot-93-120x86.png 120w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Screenshot-93-500x356.png 500w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Screenshot-93-200x143.png 200w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Screenshot-93-400x285.png 400w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2019\/07\/Screenshot-93-800x570.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 506px) 100vw, 506px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-2233\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Figure 2. Transistor level diagram of buffer<\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Verdana\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">From Figure2. The top one is called the PMOS transistor, and the bottom one is called the NMOS transistor. When you want to write one to this output pin, which feeds 0 to the NOT gate, T1 will get activated, and T2 gets deactivated, and you get one on this microcontroller pin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Verdana\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you want to write zero to this pin, which feeds 1 to the NOT gate. T1 gets deactivated, and T2 gets activated, and pin pulled to the ground which gives zero onto the pin. That\u2019s how the output buffer of a GPIO works.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-weight: 400;\" data-font-family=\"Verdana\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">On the other hand, if you make an enable line is equal to one, then you are making a pin to work in input mode by activating input buffer and deactivating output buffer. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Verdana\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Let\u2019s see how the input buffer works. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Verdana\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">When the pin is in higher voltage T1 will be ON, and T2 will be OFF. So, a pin is read to high. And when the pin is in low, T1 turns OFF, and T2 conducts and a pin is read to low.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Verdana\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">GPIO control registers usually configure an enable line.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: Verdana, Geneva, sans-serif; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Verdana\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\">In the next article, let&#8217;s learn<span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"> <a style=\"color: #ff6600; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/gpio-input-mode-high-impedance-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">G<\/a><a style=\"color: #ff6600; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/gpio-input-mode-high-impedance-state\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">PIO input mode high impedence state <\/a><\/span>.<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-size: 20px;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><b>FastBit Embedded Brain Academy Courses,<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Click here:<\/span>&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/course1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/course<\/a><\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/course1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">1<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>GPIO behind the scene &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp; In this article, let\u2019s understand how the GPIO pin is implemented inside the microcontroller. &nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp; Figure 1 is GPIO looks behind the scene. There is one input buffer, one output buffer, and an enable line. When an enable line is zero, the output buffer gets activated, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2232,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[20],"class_list":["post-2249","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-stm32-gpio","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>STM32 GPIO Lecture 2 : GPIO behind the scene<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"STM32 GPIO Lecture: GPIO behind the scene. 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