{"id":5109,"date":"2021-02-19T05:48:55","date_gmt":"2021-02-19T05:48:55","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/?p=5109"},"modified":"2023-09-08T12:03:03","modified_gmt":"2023-09-08T06:33:03","slug":"common-problems-in-i2c-and-debugging-tips","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/common-problems-in-i2c-and-debugging-tips\/","title":{"rendered":"STM32 I2C Lecture 62 : Common Problems in I2C and Debugging Tips"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"boldgrid-section\" style=\"background-image: linear-gradient(to left, #eeeeee, #eeeeee);\" data-bg-color-1=\"#EEEEEE\" data-bg-color-2=\"#EEEEEE\" data-bg-direction=\"to left\">\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div class=\"row\" style=\"padding-top: 50px; padding-bottom: 0px; background-image: linear-gradient(to left, #eeeeee, #eeeeee);\" data-bg-color-1=\"#EEEEEE\" data-bg-color-2=\"#EEEEEE\" data-bg-direction=\"to left\">\n<div class=\"col-md-1 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-lg-1\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-10 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-lg-10\">\n<h1 class=\"\" style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 29px; border-width: 0px; line-height: 50px;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Common Problems in I2C and Debugging Tips<\/span><\/h1>\n<div class=\"row bg-editor-hr-wrap\" style=\"border-width: 0px; margin-top: -25px;\">\n<div class=\"col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-xs-12 col-sm-12\">\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"bg-hr bg-hr-10 color2-color\" style=\"border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 3px; margin-top: -15px;\"><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">This article discusses some of the most important debugging tips related to the <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><a style=\"color: #ff6600; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/stm32-i2c-lecture-3-i2c-protocol-explanation\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">I2C protocol<\/a><\/span>. These debugging tips are worth exploring because most of the problems can be solved by applying these steps.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">First, let\u2019s discuss one mandatory debugging step, which must be applied before thinking of anything else. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #993366;\"><strong>Voltage Troubleshooting:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"\" style=\"font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Whenever you face a problem in I2C, the very first debugging step would be probing the voltage on the SCL and SDA line with the help of a multimeter or logic analyzer.<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Ensure both pins maintain a stable 3.3V (or HIGH) signal. If not, address this issue first.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"font-size: 25px; border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; line-height: 35px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #000080;\"><b>Common problems in I2C communication:<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #c92828;\">1. <strong>Addressing Voltage Drop: <\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px; padding-left: 40px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">The strong reason for not having 3.3V on both the pins will be because of not activating the pull-up resistor if you are using the internal pull-up resistor of an I\/O line. Then it\u2019s worth checking the configuration resistor of an I\/O line to see whether the pull-ups are really activated or not. The best way is to dump the resistor contents.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #c92828;\">2. <strong>ACK failure:<\/strong> <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px; padding-left: 40px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">This is one of the most common problems in I2C communication. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px; padding-left: 40px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">The problem can\u2019t be solved by just staring at the code but by probing the signals on the logic analyzer. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px; padding-left: 40px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Most people just say that I2C is not working when they don\u2019t get the expected behavior. But when you probe the signals, you will see something like Figure 1 in the case of ACK failure.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5112\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5112\" style=\"width: 744px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5112\" src=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-3.png\" alt=\"Common Problems in I2C and Debugging Tips\" width=\"744\" height=\"384\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-3.png 1915w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-3-300x155.png 300w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-3-768x397.png 768w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-3-1024x529.png 1024w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-3-600x310.png 600w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-3-120x62.png 120w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-3-500x258.png 500w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-3-200x103.png 200w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-3-400x207.png 400w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-3-800x413.png 800w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-3-1200x620.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 744px) 100vw, 744px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5112\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Figure 1. I2C trace during ACK failure.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">In Figure 1, you can see that the master has generated the start condition followed by the address phase, for which there is a NACK instead of ACK. So, the master firmware couldn\u2019t be able to proceed further. Whenever you come across with this kind of error (or ACK failure), then think about the possible ways in which this could happen.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"font-size: 25px; border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; line-height: 32px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #000080;\"><strong>Reasons for ACK failure:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Generating the address phase with the wrong slave address. If the address is wrong, then the slave will not respond to this address phase. As a result, you will get a NACK. So, go and verify the slave address on the SDA line again by using a logic analyzer.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Not enabling the ACKing feature in the I2C control register (or slave configuration register). It is worth checking the I2C control register to see whether it is really enabled or not.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"color: #c92828;\">3. <strong>Master Clock Production:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">If you ever found that the master is not producing the clock, then apply the following steps to debug the problem:<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<ul class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\">\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Check whether the peripheral clock is enabled and set to at least 3MHz to produce standard mode I2C serial clock frequency.<\/span><\/li>\n<li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Check whether the GPIOs used for SCL and SDA functionality are configured properly for the alternate functionality. Otherwise, the I2C engine won\u2019t be able to produce a clock or data on those GPIOs.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">By following these expert debugging tips, you can effectively troubleshoot common I2C issues and ensure a smoother communication process<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><span style=\"color: #800080;\">Get the full course on I2C<\/span><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"> <a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/www.udemy.com\/course\/mastering-microcontroller-with-peripheral-driver-development\/\">Here<\/a>.<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-size: 20px; line-height: 26px;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><b>FastBit Embedded Brain Academy Courses<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Click here:<\/span>&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/course1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/course1<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Common Problems in I2C and Debugging Tips &nbsp; &nbsp; This article discusses some of the most important debugging tips related to the I2C protocol. These debugging tips are worth exploring because most of the problems can be solved by applying these steps. First, let\u2019s discuss one mandatory debugging step, which must be applied before [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5112,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[23],"class_list":["post-5109","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-stm32-i2c-lectures","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>I2C Communication: Common Problems and Debugging Tips<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Discover essential debugging tips for resolving common I2C protocol problems, including voltage issues, ACK failures, and clock production\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/common-problems-in-i2c-and-debugging-tips\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"I2C Communication: Common Problems and Debugging Tips\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Discover essential debugging tips for resolving common I2C protocol problems, including voltage issues, ACK failures, and clock production\" \/>\n<meta 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