{"id":5164,"date":"2021-02-26T05:34:22","date_gmt":"2021-02-26T05:34:22","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/?p=5164"},"modified":"2023-09-04T12:35:55","modified_gmt":"2023-09-04T07:05:55","slug":"synchronization-bits","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/synchronization-bits\/","title":{"rendered":"STM32 UART Lecture 5 &#8211; Synchronization bits"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"boldgrid-section\" style=\"background-image: linear-gradient(to left, #eeeeee, #eeeeee);\" data-bg-color-1=\"#EEEEEE\" data-bg-color-2=\"#EEEEEE\" data-bg-direction=\"to left\">\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div class=\"row\" style=\"padding-top: 50px; padding-bottom: 0px; background-image: linear-gradient(to left, #eeeeee, #eeeeee);\" data-bg-color-1=\"#EEEEEE\" data-bg-color-2=\"#EEEEEE\" data-bg-direction=\"to left\">\n<div class=\"col-md-1 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-lg-1\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-10 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-lg-10\">\n<h1 class=\"\" style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 35px; border-width: 0px; line-height: 50px;\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\">Synchronization bits<\/span><\/h1>\n<div class=\"row bg-editor-hr-wrap\" style=\"border-width: 0px; margin-top: -25px;\">\n<div class=\"col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-xs-12 col-sm-12\">\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"bg-hr bg-hr-10 color2-color\" style=\"border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 3px;\"><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"font-size: 20px; line-height: 30px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"text-decoration: underline; color: #000080;\"><strong>Synchronization Bits in Serial Communication<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">The synchronization bits are two or three special bits transferred with each chunk of data. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">They are the <span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>start bit<\/strong><\/span> and the<strong> <span style=\"color: #000080;\">stop bits<\/span><\/strong>. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">These bits mark the beginning and end of a packet (Figure 1). <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">There is always only one start bit, but the number of stop bits is configurable to either 1 or 2.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5168\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5168\" style=\"width: 744px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5168\" src=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-8.png\" alt=\"Synchronization bits\" width=\"744\" height=\"310\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-8.png 1717w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-8-300x125.png 300w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-8-768x320.png 768w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-8-1024x426.png 1024w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-8-600x250.png 600w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-8-120x50.png 120w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-8-500x208.png 500w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-8-200x83.png 200w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-8-400x167.png 400w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-8-800x333.png 800w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-8-1200x500.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 744px) 100vw, 744px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5168\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Figure 1. Transfer of synchronization bit with each chunk of data.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">In the STM32F4xx microcontroller, you can even choose 105 stop bits. That means one-and-a-half-bit duration. The stop bit in the register USART control register 2 (Figure 2) selects the number of stop bits to be inserted by the transmitter. Typically, we use one stop bit in most of the applications but if your baud rate is very high, say in terms of megabits per second, then you may think of inserting two stop bits.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5169\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5169\" style=\"width: 744px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5169\" src=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-2-5.png\" alt=\"Synchronization bits\" width=\"744\" height=\"458\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-2-5.png 1677w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-2-5-300x184.png 300w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-2-5-768x472.png 768w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-2-5-1024x630.png 1024w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-2-5-600x369.png 600w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-2-5-120x74.png 120w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-2-5-500x307.png 500w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-2-5-200x123.png 200w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-2-5-400x246.png 400w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-2-5-800x492.png 800w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-2-5-1200x738.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 744px) 100vw, 744px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5169\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Figure 2. USART control register 2 (USART_CR2)<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">The start bit is always indicated by an idle data line (Figure 3) going from high to low. While the stop bit will transition back to the idle state by holding the line at high.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5170\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5170\" style=\"width: 744px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5170\" src=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-3-5.png\" alt=\"Synchronization bits\" width=\"744\" height=\"351\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-3-5.png 1623w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-3-5-300x141.png 300w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-3-5-768x362.png 768w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-3-5-1024x483.png 1024w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-3-5-600x283.png 600w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-3-5-120x57.png 120w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-3-5-500x236.png 500w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-3-5-200x94.png 200w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-3-5-400x189.png 400w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-3-5-800x377.png 800w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-3-5-1200x566.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 744px) 100vw, 744px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5170\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Figure 3. Start and stop bits.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\">In the following article, let&#8217;s see <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/stm32-uart-lecture-6-uart-parity\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UART Parity<\/a>.<\/span>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><b>FastBit Embedded Brain Academy Courses<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px;\">Click here:&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/course1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/course1<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Synchronization bits &nbsp; &nbsp; Synchronization Bits in Serial Communication The synchronization bits are two or three special bits transferred with each chunk of data. They are the start bit and the stop bits. These bits mark the beginning and end of a packet (Figure 1). There is always only one start bit, but the [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5168,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[22],"class_list":["post-5164","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-stm32-uart-lecture","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>Synchronization Bits in Serial Communication: Start and Stop Bits<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Synchronization bits. 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