{"id":5173,"date":"2021-02-26T08:37:43","date_gmt":"2021-02-26T08:37:43","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/?p=5173"},"modified":"2022-11-24T12:22:32","modified_gmt":"2022-11-24T06:52:32","slug":"stm32-uart-lecture-6-uart-parity","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/stm32-uart-lecture-6-uart-parity\/","title":{"rendered":"STM32 UART Lecture 6- UART Parity"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"boldgrid-section\" style=\"background-image: linear-gradient(to left, #eeeeee, #eeeeee);\" data-bg-color-1=\"#EEEEEE\" data-bg-color-2=\"#EEEEEE\" data-bg-direction=\"to left\">\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div class=\"row\" style=\"padding-top: 25px; padding-bottom: 0px; background-image: linear-gradient(to left, #eeeeee, #eeeeee);\" data-bg-color-1=\"#EEEEEE\" data-bg-color-2=\"#EEEEEE\" data-bg-direction=\"to left\">\n<div class=\"col-md-1 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-lg-1\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-10 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-lg-10\">\n<h1 class=\"\" style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 35px; border-width: 0px; line-height: 50px;\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">UART Parity<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n<div class=\"row bg-editor-hr-wrap\" style=\"border-width: 0px; margin-top: -25px;\">\n<div class=\"col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-xs-12 col-sm-12\">\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"bg-hr bg-hr-10 color2-color\" style=\"border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 3px; width: auto;\"><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Adding a parity bit is the simplest method of error detection. <\/span><\/p>\n<blockquote class=\"\" style=\"background-color: #09355c;\">\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #ffff00;\">Parity is simply the number of ones appearing in the binary form of a number. <\/span><\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">For example, the number 55 has a binary form 0b00110111, and the parity is 5, which is an odd number. To get the parity value, just count the number of one&#8217;s appearing in the binary pattern.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">There are two options in parity selection. <\/span><\/p>\n<ol class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Even parity<\/span><\/li>\n<li><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Odd parity<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Now let&#8217;s discuss them one by one.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"padding: 0em; margin-top: 16px; margin-bottom: 14px; font-size: 25px; border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; line-height: 35px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><strong><span style=\"color: #000080;\">&nbsp;1. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">Even parity:<\/span><\/span><\/strong><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"padding-left: 30px; padding-top: 0em; padding-bottom: 0em; margin-top: 15px; border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">In the <span style=\"color: #ff6600;\"><a style=\"color: #ff6600;\" href=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/synchronization-bits\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">previous<\/a><\/span> example, we saw that the number 55 has an odd number of one\u2019s. In the case of even parity, the parity bit is set to one to make an entire number of one\u2019s including parity bit as even. So, if the number of one\u2019s in a given set of bits excluding the parity bit is odd, then the parity bit will be set to 1 in order to make the number of one\u2019s in the entire set of bits, including the parity bit as even. If the number of one\u2019s in the given set of bits is already even, as in the case of number 54 (00110110), then the parity bit is set to zero in order to make the entire set of bits even. This is how even parity works.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"font-size: 25px; border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; line-height: 35px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>2<\/strong>. <span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\"><strong>Odd parity:<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"padding-left: 30px; border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">When using odd parity, the parity bit is set to 1 if the number of one\u2019s in a given set of bits excluding the parity bit is even, making the number of one\u2019s in the entire set of bits including the parity bit as odd. If the number of one\u2019s is odd in the given data bits, then the parity bit is set to zero.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">If you are still confused, simply remember that the even parity results in an even number of 1s, whereas odd parity results in an odd number of 1s, when counted including the parity bit.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"font-size: 25px; border-width: 0px; line-height: 35px;\"><span style=\"color: #ff0000;\"><b>Why use the parity bit?<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">The parity bit is used to detect errors. Let\u2019s say we are transmitting the data 1101011, i.e., decimal 167, assuming an even parity bit is added to it. The data being sent becomes 167, marked in Figure 1, and there the red one indicates the parity bit. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Let\u2019s assume in the course of transmission, the data gets corrupted, and one of the bits got changed. Ultimately the receiver receives the second data pattern in Figure 1, in which the 4th bit is corrupted. We know that the data is sent according to the even parity. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Now count the number of one\u2019s in the received data, including the parity bit. You will get 5. But that sounds wrong because there should be an even number of one\u2019s including the parity bit, in the case of even parity selection since both devices agree upon the parity logic. This makes the receiver realize that the data is corrupted, and it will eventually discard the data and then wait or request for a new frame to be sent.<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_5182\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-5182\" style=\"width: 744px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"wp-image-5182\" src=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-9.png\" alt=\"UART Parity\" width=\"744\" height=\"355\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-9.png 1815w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-9-300x143.png 300w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-9-768x366.png 768w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-9-1024x488.png 1024w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-9-600x286.png 600w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-9-120x57.png 120w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-9-500x238.png 500w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-9-200x95.png 200w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-9-400x191.png 400w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-9-800x381.png 800w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2021\/02\/Figure-1-9-1200x572.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 744px) 100vw, 744px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-5182\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Figure 1. Use of parity bit in error detection.<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">In the following article, let&#8217;s explore<\/span> <span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/exploring-uart-functional-block\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">UART functional block<\/a><\/span>.&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><b>FastBit Embedded Brain Academy Courses<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-size: 17px; line-height: 25px;\">Click here:&nbsp;<span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/course1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/course1<\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; UART Parity &nbsp; &nbsp; Adding a parity bit is the simplest method of error detection. Parity is simply the number of ones appearing in the binary form of a number. For example, the number 55 has a binary form 0b00110111, and the parity is 5, which is an odd number. To get the parity [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":5182,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[22],"class_list":["post-5173","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-stm32-uart-lecture","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>STM32 UART Lecture 6- UART Parity<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"UART Parity. 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