{"id":7129,"date":"2022-02-03T08:26:10","date_gmt":"2022-02-03T08:26:10","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/?p=7129"},"modified":"2023-01-13T14:56:43","modified_gmt":"2023-01-13T09:26:43","slug":"fsm-lecture-26-exercise-003-hardware-connections","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/fsm-lecture-26-exercise-003-hardware-connections\/","title":{"rendered":"FSM Lecture 26: Exercise-003 Hardware connections"},"content":{"rendered":"<div class=\"boldgrid-section\" style=\"background-image: linear-gradient(to left, #eeeeee, #eeeeee);\" data-bg-color-1=\"#EEEEEE\" data-bg-color-2=\"#EEEEEE\" data-bg-direction=\"to left\">\n<div class=\"container\">\n<div class=\"row\" style=\"padding-top: 35px; padding-bottom: 0px; background-image: linear-gradient(to left, #eeeeee, #eeeeee);\" data-bg-color-1=\"#EEEEEE\" data-bg-color-2=\"#EEEEEE\" data-bg-direction=\"to left\">\n<div class=\"col-md-1 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-lg-1\">\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"col-md-10 col-sm-12 col-xs-12 col-lg-10\">\n<h1 class=\"\" style=\"text-align: center; font-size: 30px; border-width: 0px; line-height: 50px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><strong>Exercise-003 Hardware connections<\/strong><\/span><\/h1>\n<div class=\"row bg-editor-hr-wrap\" style=\"border-width: 0px; margin-top: -25px;\">\n<div class=\"col-lg-12 col-md-12 col-xs-12 col-sm-12\">\n<div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div class=\"bg-hr bg-hr-10 color2-color\" style=\"border-style: solid; border-width: 0px 0px 3px;\"><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">In this article, let\u2019s talk about the Hardware connections.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7132\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7132\" style=\"width: 417px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-7132\" src=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-1-buttons.png\" alt=\"Figure 1. Arduino and Button connections table\" width=\"417\" height=\"345\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-1-buttons.png 617w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-1-buttons-300x248.png 300w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-1-buttons-600x496.png 600w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-1-buttons-120x99.png 120w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-1-buttons-500x413.png 500w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-1-buttons-200x165.png 200w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-1-buttons-400x331.png 400w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 417px) 100vw, 417px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7132\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Figure 1. Arduino and Button connections table<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Look at Figure 1, Arduino and Button connections table. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">There are three buttons: Button 1, Button 2, Button 3. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">And the first button is Increment time, the second button is Decrement time, and the third button is the START\/PAUSE button, and these are connected to 2, 3, 4 PINs of the Arduino board. And there is also one Buzzer. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">You can either use an active buzzer or a passive buzzer; the Buzzer is connected to PIN 12.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7133\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7133\" style=\"width: 620px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-7133\" src=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-2-2.png\" alt=\"Figure 2. Arduino and 16x2 LCD connection table\" width=\"620\" height=\"314\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-2-2.png 904w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-2-2-300x152.png 300w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-2-2-768x389.png 768w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-2-2-600x304.png 600w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-2-2-120x61.png 120w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-2-2-500x253.png 500w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-2-2-540x272.png 540w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-2-2-200x101.png 200w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-2-2-400x203.png 400w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-2-2-800x405.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 620px) 100vw, 620px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7133\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Figure 2. Arduino and 16&#215;2 LCD connection table<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">And also, the project uses 16&#215;2 LCD, and Figure 2 shows the connection between LCD pins and the Arduino pin.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7134\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7134\" style=\"width: 661px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-7134\" src=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-3-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 3.Arduino and Button connections\" width=\"661\" height=\"345\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-3-1.png 1109w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-3-1-300x157.png 300w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-3-1-768x401.png 768w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-3-1-1024x535.png 1024w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-3-1-600x313.png 600w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-3-1-120x63.png 120w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-3-1-500x261.png 500w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-3-1-200x104.png 200w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-3-1-400x209.png 400w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-3-1-800x418.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 661px) 100vw, 661px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7134\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Figure 3. Arduino and Button connections<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Let&#8217;s make the connections. Go to the Tinkercad.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">See Figure 3; we used a breadboard, Arduino Uno board, and three pushbuttons. And I will interface the buttons to the Arduino board in a Pull-down configuration. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">Button&#8217;s one terminal is connected to the Vcc(red color wire indicates the Vcc connections), and another terminal is connected to a resistor, i.e., 10-kiloohm pull-down resistor.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">After that, you connect the three buttons to the Arduino board. According to the table(figure 1), button 1 should go to the Arduino PIN 2. Button 2 goes to PIN 3, and button 3 should go PIN 4, as shown in Figure 3.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7135\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7135\" style=\"width: 602px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-7135\" src=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-4-1.png\" alt=\"Figure 4. Arduino and 16x2 LCD connections\" width=\"602\" height=\"434\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-4-1.png 815w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-4-1-300x216.png 300w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-4-1-768x553.png 768w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-4-1-600x432.png 600w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-4-1-120x86.png 120w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-4-1-500x360.png 500w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-4-1-200x144.png 200w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-4-1-400x288.png 400w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/Figure-4-1-800x576.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 602px) 100vw, 602px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7135\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Figure 4. Arduino and 16&#215;2 LCD connections<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">And we also have to take one LCD. Figure 2 table shows the LCD connections. LCD_RS should go to PIN 5. LCD_RW is to PIN 6. The Enable pin of the LCD should go to PIN 7.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">After that, we will be using LCD data communication in 4-bit mode. That&#8217;s why, in the 4-bit mode, you cannot use the data lines DB0, DB1, DB2, DB3. So, they are not used. DB4 you have to use. DB4 to PIN 8, DB5 to PIN 9, DB6 to PIN 10, DB7 to PIN 11.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">The Anode of the LED should go to the Vcc. It has to be through a resistor. Take a resistor (a 220ohm resistor) because it is connected to the internal LED. The power to the LED should go through a resistor connecting it to the Anode. And the cathode of the LED that&#8217;s a negative terminal of the LED(the backlight LED) should go to the ground. The black color wire indicates the ground connection.&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7136\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7136\" style=\"width: 660px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-7136\" src=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/potentiometer-and-piezo-buzzer.png\" alt=\"Figure 5. Potentiometer and piezo buzzer \" width=\"660\" height=\"455\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/potentiometer-and-piezo-buzzer.png 901w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/potentiometer-and-piezo-buzzer-300x207.png 300w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/potentiometer-and-piezo-buzzer-768x529.png 768w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/potentiometer-and-piezo-buzzer-600x414.png 600w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/potentiometer-and-piezo-buzzer-120x83.png 120w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/potentiometer-and-piezo-buzzer-500x345.png 500w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/potentiometer-and-piezo-buzzer-200x138.png 200w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/potentiometer-and-piezo-buzzer-400x276.png 400w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/potentiometer-and-piezo-buzzer-800x551.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 660px) 100vw, 660px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7136\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Figure 5. Potentiometer and piezo buzzer<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">And after that, you also need one Potentiometer. The Potentiometer is around 100kiloohm. This is for the contrast setting of the LCD. And we also need one buzzer(Piezo buzzer).&nbsp;&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7137\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7137\" style=\"width: 710px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\" wp-image-7137\" src=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/circuit-diagram.png\" alt=\"Figure 6. Circuit diagram\" width=\"710\" height=\"472\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/circuit-diagram.png 1189w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/circuit-diagram-300x199.png 300w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/circuit-diagram-768x510.png 768w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/circuit-diagram-1024x680.png 1024w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/circuit-diagram-600x399.png 600w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/circuit-diagram-120x80.png 120w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/circuit-diagram-500x332.png 500w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/circuit-diagram-200x133.png 200w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/circuit-diagram-400x266.png 400w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/circuit-diagram-800x532.png 800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 710px) 100vw, 710px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7137\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Figure 6. Circuit diagram<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">The wiper must be connected to the contrast pin of the LCD (it is indicated in orange color wire). Terminal 1 of the potentiometer can either go to ground or Vcc. We will give it to Vcc. <\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">If terminal 1 is Vcc, then terminal 2 must be ground. And positive terminal of the buzzer we will give it to PIN 12. And the negative should go to the ground.<\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">After that, finally, you have to connect the ground of the Arduino board to the ground of the breadboard. And 5 volt to 5 volt rail of the breadboard. The purple wire indicates the power rail&#8217;s continued connection of the breadboard, as shown in Figure 6. <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">&nbsp;<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Those are the connections you have to make.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 17px; line-height: 30px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400; color: #000000;\">The code you have written you can paste over here in the text section (as shown in Figure 7), and you can even simulate that.&nbsp;<\/span><\/p>\n<figure id=\"attachment_7138\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-7138\" style=\"width: 1491px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"size-full wp-image-7138\" src=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/code-section.png\" alt=\"Figure 7. Code section\" width=\"1491\" height=\"863\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/code-section.png 1491w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/code-section-300x174.png 300w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/code-section-768x445.png 768w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/code-section-1024x593.png 1024w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/code-section-600x347.png 600w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/code-section-120x69.png 120w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/code-section-500x289.png 500w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/code-section-200x116.png 200w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/code-section-400x232.png 400w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/code-section-800x463.png 800w, https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/wp-content\/uploads\/2022\/02\/code-section-1200x695.png 1200w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1491px) 100vw, 1491px\" \/><figcaption id=\"caption-attachment-7138\" class=\"wp-caption-text\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">Figure 7. Code section<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-family: 'Roboto Slab'; font-weight: 400; font-size: 20px;\" data-font-family=\"Roboto Slab\" data-font-weight=\"400\" data-font-style=\"\"><span style=\"color: #000080;\"><b>FastBit Embedded Brain Academy Courses<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\" style=\"border-width: 0px; font-size: 17px;\"><span style=\"color: #000000;\">C<span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">lick here: <\/span><\/span><span style=\"color: #3366ff;\"><a style=\"color: #3366ff; text-decoration: underline;\" href=\"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/course1\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/course1<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n<p class=\"\">&nbsp;<\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>&nbsp; Exercise-003 Hardware connections &nbsp; &nbsp; In this article, let\u2019s talk about the Hardware connections.&nbsp; Look at Figure 1, Arduino and Button connections table. There are three buttons: Button 1, Button 2, Button 3. And the first button is Increment time, the second button is Decrement time, and the third button is the START\/PAUSE button, [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7137,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[17],"class_list":["post-7129","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-finite-state-machine","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v27.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/product\/yoast-seo-wordpress\/ -->\n<title>FSM Lecture 26: Exercise-003 Hardware connections<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Exercise-003 Hardware connections. 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