{"id":9602,"date":"2022-05-13T06:28:20","date_gmt":"2022-05-13T06:28:20","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/?p=9602"},"modified":"2023-09-25T14:35:37","modified_gmt":"2023-09-25T09:05:37","slug":"microcontroller-embedded-c-programming-lecture-33-variables-scope-and-illustration-contd","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/blog\/microcontroller-embedded-c-programming-lecture-33-variables-scope-and-illustration-contd\/","title":{"rendered":"Microcontroller Embedded C Programming Lecture 33| Variables scope and illustration contd"},"content":{"rendered":"
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Variables scope and illustration<\/span><\/strong><\/h1>\n
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In this tutorial, we will explore variable scope in C and predict the output of a sample program. Variable scope defines where a variable can be accessed and manipulated within a program.<\/span><\/p>\n

In this article, let\u2019s understand some more codes. Here I have another code snippet. So, I want you to predict the output of this program.<\/span><\/p>\n

#include<\/span><stdio.h>\r\n\r\n\/*this is a global variable*\/<\/span>\r\nint<\/span> a;\r\n\r\nint<\/span> main()\r\n{\r\n   a=25;\r\n   {\r\n       int<\/span> my_var;\r\n       my_var = 45;\r\n       printf<\/span>(\"001Value of the local variable 'my_var' is %d\\n\", my_var);\r\n       printf<\/span>(\"002value of the global variable 'a' is %d\\n\", a);\r\n   }\r\n  \r\n   int<\/span> my_var;\r\n   my_var = my_var+10;\r\n   printf<\/span>(\"003value of the local variable 'my_var' is %d\\n\", my_var);\r\n   return<\/span> 0;\r\n}<\/pre>\n
Code snippet<\/p>\n
Global Variable:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
The code snippet begins with the declaration of a global variable int a;<\/code>. Global variables are accessible throughout the program, and they retain their values across different scopes. In this case, a is initialized to 25 within the main function.<\/span><\/p>\n
Local Variable in a Block:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
Inside the main function, a block of code is defined using curly braces { }. Within this block, a local variable my_var of type int is declared and initialized to 45. Local variables are confined to the scope in which they are declared and have no significance outside of it.<\/span><\/p>\n
Output Prediction:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
    \n
  1. The first printf<\/code> statement inside the block will print the value of the local variable my_var<\/code>, which is 45<\/code>.<\/span><\/li>\n
  2. The second printf<\/code> statement inside the block will print the value of the global variable a<\/code>, which is 25<\/code>.<\/span><\/li>\n
  3. After the block, another local variable my_var<\/code> is declared, but it’s not initialized. <\/span><\/li>\n<\/ol>\n
    Once the execution control comes to the <\/span>int my_var<\/b> variable(line number 13) here, please note that previous <\/span>int my_var<\/b> variable dies. So, it loses its existence.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
    So, we are creating one more variable. This is perfectly fine and legal. After that, here we are adding +10 to the value of the my_var variable. <\/span><\/p>\n
    Here, let’s understand <\/span>my_var = my_var +10;<\/b> statement. To understand this statement, first, you should give attention to the assignment operator equal to sign(=). That is an assignment operator in ‘C.’ <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
    And <\/span>my_var +10<\/b> is called the right-hand side expression, and my_var<\/strong> is called as left-hand side expression. So, the first right-hand side expression will be evaluated. Here 10 is added to the value of the my_var variable. But what is the initial value of the my_var variable? That variable is not initialized. That’s why its value will be some garbage value; you cannot predict that. So, some garbage value is +10, and that value is assigned to the<\/span> my_var<\/b> variable. That’s why the output of this printf will be unpredictable. So, some garbage numbers will be printed. Let’s see how it goes.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
    Compile this code. You can see Figure 1. It is printing 45, 25, and it is printing 10 here.<\/span><\/p>\n
    \"Variables
    Figure 1. Output<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
     <\/p>\n
    I think this compilation took the initial value of this variable as 0. I don’t know why that is that. But typically this printf will print some garbage value.<\/span><\/p>\n
     <\/p>\n
    So, let’s try this code in Eclipse IDE. Let’s compile this code. The code is compiled. <\/span><\/p>\n
    \"Figure
    Figure 2. Test the code in Eclipse IDE<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
     <\/p>\n
    Compiler Warning:<\/strong><\/span><\/p>\n
    Here we can see that this compiler throws one warning(Figure 2). That is, ‘<\/span>my_var<\/b>‘ is used uninitialized in this function. The compiler is issuing a warning saying before using this <\/span>my_var<\/b> variable(line 20), so you didn’t initialize it. That’s a very important warning that compiler issues, and you should pay attention to that. So, for this trivial example, that’s OK. But warnings like these are very very dangerous.  <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
     <\/p>\n
    Now, let’s execute this code. Go to <\/span>Run as<\/b>, and go to <\/span>Local C\/C++ application<\/b>.<\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
    \"Variables
    Figure 3. Executing the program<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
     <\/p>\n
    \"Figure
    Figure 4. Output<\/span><\/figcaption><\/figure>\n
     <\/p>\n
    Here, the<\/span> my_var <\/b>variable is printing some garbage value. So, that’s because this is a local variable, and the default value of that variable can’t be predictable. <\/span><\/span><\/p>\n
     <\/p>\n
    Get microcontroller Embedded C Programming Full Course on Here<\/a><\/span>.<\/span><\/p>\n
    FastBit Embedded Brain Academy Courses<\/b><\/span><\/p>\n
    Click here:<\/span> <\/span><\/span><\/span>https:\/\/fastbitlab.com\/course1<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p>\n
     <\/p>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
      Variables scope and illustration     In this tutorial, we will explore variable scope in C and predict the output of a sample program. Variable scope defines where a variable can be accessed and manipulated within a program. In this article, let\u2019s understand some more codes. Here I have another code snippet. So, I […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":9605,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"ocean_post_layout":"","ocean_both_sidebars_style":"","ocean_both_sidebars_content_width":0,"ocean_both_sidebars_sidebars_width":0,"ocean_sidebar":"0","ocean_second_sidebar":"0","ocean_disable_margins":"enable","ocean_add_body_class":"","ocean_shortcode_before_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_after_top_bar":"","ocean_shortcode_before_header":"","ocean_shortcode_after_header":"","ocean_has_shortcode":"","ocean_shortcode_after_title":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_widgets":"","ocean_shortcode_before_footer_bottom":"","ocean_shortcode_after_footer_bottom":"","ocean_display_top_bar":"default","ocean_display_header":"default","ocean_header_style":"","ocean_center_header_left_menu":"0","ocean_custom_header_template":"0","ocean_custom_logo":0,"ocean_custom_retina_logo":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_width":0,"ocean_custom_logo_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_tablet_max_height":0,"ocean_custom_logo_mobile_max_height":0,"ocean_header_custom_menu":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_family":"0","ocean_menu_typo_font_subset":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_size":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_font_size_unit":"px","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_font_weight_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_tablet":"","ocean_menu_typo_transform_mobile":"","ocean_menu_typo_line_height":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_line_height_unit":"","ocean_menu_typo_spacing":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_tablet":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_mobile":0,"ocean_menu_typo_spacing_unit":"","ocean_menu_link_color":"","ocean_menu_link_color_hover":"","ocean_menu_link_color_active":"","ocean_menu_link_background":"","ocean_menu_link_hover_background":"","ocean_menu_link_active_background":"","ocean_menu_social_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_bg":"","ocean_menu_social_links_color":"","ocean_menu_social_hover_links_color":"","ocean_disable_title":"default","ocean_disable_heading":"default","ocean_post_title":"","ocean_post_subheading":"","ocean_post_title_style":"","ocean_post_title_background_color":"","ocean_post_title_background":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_image_position":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_attachment":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_repeat":"","ocean_post_title_bg_image_size":"","ocean_post_title_height":0,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay":0.5,"ocean_post_title_bg_overlay_color":"","ocean_disable_breadcrumbs":"default","ocean_breadcrumbs_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_separator_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_color":"","ocean_breadcrumbs_links_hover_color":"","ocean_display_footer_widgets":"default","ocean_display_footer_bottom":"default","ocean_custom_footer_template":"0","ocean_post_oembed":"","ocean_post_self_hosted_media":"","ocean_post_video_embed":"","ocean_link_format":"","ocean_link_format_target":"self","ocean_quote_format":"","ocean_quote_format_link":"post","ocean_gallery_link_images":"off","ocean_gallery_id":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[8],"tags":[16],"class_list":["post-9602","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","tag-microcontroller-embedded-c-programming","entry","has-media"],"yoast_head":"\nscope of variables with Examples - FastBit EBA<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Explore the concept of variable scope in C programming through a code snippet. 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