Importance of Pull-Up Resistors in Microcontroller Circuits   Pull-up and pull-down resistors are passive electronic components used in digital circuits to ensure that a particular input to a microcontroller…

  Keypad interfacing   In this article, let's learn about 4x4 matrix keypad interfacing. We interface the 4x4 keypad to our STM32 microcontroller and read the key pressed, and we…

  Testing led toggle exercise   This is a code that used structures and bit fields. #include "main.h" int main(void) { RCC_AHB1ENR_t volatile *const pClkCtrlReg = (RCC_AHB1ENR_t*) 0x40023830; GPIOx_MODE_t volatile…

  Modifying led toggle exercise with structures and bit fields   In the previous article, we created different typedef structures. Let's understand what to do with those typedef structures. Our…

  Bit-field structure for GPIOx_ODR   A GPIOx_ODR (GPIO Output Data Register) is a register used in microcontrollers or systems-on-chip (SoCs) to control the output state of the GPIO (General…

  Bit-field structure for RCC_AHB1ENR   The RCC_AHB1ENR register is a control register used in the STM32 microcontroller series for enabling or disabling clock signals for various peripherals connected to…